鳗弧菌胞外金属蛋白酶的化学修饰研究

用DEPC、EDC、DTNB、PMSF等8种化学修饰剂对鳗弧菌胞外金属蛋白酶进行了化学修饰。结果表明化学修饰后酶的活力发生了改变,其中组氨酸、酸性氨基酸、半胱氨酸残基的化学修饰引起酶活性的明显降低,说明组氨酸残基、酸性氨基酸、半胱氨酸残基及其二硫键在维持酶活力中发挥重要作用,是酶活力所必需;而对精氨酸、丝氨酸、ε-氨基等修饰后酶活性影响较小,表明不是酶的活性所必须的基团。     

珍稀药用真菌桑黄的国内外研究进展

桑黄是一种十分珍贵的药用真菌,对增强人体免疫功能及治疗疾病等方面都有明显作用。综述了近年来国内外学者对桑黄的名称、地区分布、化学成分、药理作用等方面的研究进展。     

Adult fiddler crabs Uca pugnax (Smith) enhance sediment-associated cues for molting of conspecific megalopae

Adult-associated chemical cues can stimulate settlement and metamorphosis of invertebrate larvae into habitats with an enhanced likelihood of juvenile and adult survival. For example, sediments from adult fiddler crab habitat stimulate fiddler crab megalopae to metamorphose (molt) sooner than sediments without adult cues. A similar stimulation of molting occurs after exposure to waterborne chemical cues from adult habitats and to exudates and extracts of adult crabs. We tested whether sediments from habitats without adult Uca pugnax (Smith), which do not stimulate molting of their megalopae, could become stimulatory through brief exposure to adult crabs. Sediments were collected from tidal flats at several distances (∼ 1 m, ∼ 50 m, and ∼ 5.4 km) from adult habitats, and incubated for 24 h with or without adult crabs. Molting rates of laboratory-reared megalopae exposed for 48 h to adult-conditioned sediments were compared to those for untreated controls. Sediments collected in or within 1 m of adult habitat elicited the highest molting rates, and natural sediments from 50 m and 5.4 km had little or no effect on molting. However, incubating sediments collected away from adult habitat with adult crabs produced a higher molting response, and the magnitude of the enhancement increased with distance from adult habitat. Results suggest that the chemical cues that adult crabs release are retained by sediments and consequently stimulate molting of megalopae, regardless of the nature of the sediments themselves. Lack of chemical cues may retard colonization of newly created or heavily disturbed habitats that are otherwise suitable settlement and adult habitat.     

化学消毒剂作用机理研究进展

细胞壁的屏障作用是微生物降低对消毒剂敏感性的普遍机制。消毒剂对细胞膜的作用导致膜的通透性增加,胞内物质泄漏,呼吸链被破坏等。一些消毒剂能直接改变、破坏蛋白质和核酸的结构和功能,但核酸和蛋白质的合成过程可能比结构本身对消毒剂更加敏感。流式细胞仪、单细胞凝胶电泳等新技术的应用将使人们能够更深刻地了解消毒剂的作用机理。     

新型蛋白质修饰剂的合成及修饰牛血红蛋白的初步研究

以L-谷氨酸和己二酸为原料合成了一种新型的四官能团蛋白质修饰剂,并用核磁共振和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。然后以其为修饰剂,对牛血红蛋白的化学修饰进行了初步的研究,并通过高效液相色谱、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和血氧分析仪对交联牛血红蛋白的分子量和携氧性能进行了表征。结果表明,该修饰剂可以使牛血红蛋白同时在分子内和分子间发生化学交联,并较好地保持携氧能力（P50:21.7mmHg,Hill系数:2.01）,因此在众多用于开发人工血液代用品的化学修饰剂中该修饰剂具有良好的应用前景。     

肝脏肿瘤的31P 磁共振波谱研究进展

磁共振渡谱（MRS）在基础医学和临床医学中起着越来越重要的作用,是目前对人体唯一无创的研究活体组织器官代谢、生化变化及化合物定量分析的方法,能显示肿瘤和正常组织之间的不同代谢。能在分子水平上反映病理情况。磷是能量代谢的重要要素,肝脏中许多化合物都含有31P,本文就31P磁共振渡谱在肝癌的研究及,临床应用方面的近况进行综述。     

New fossils of ascomycetous anamorphic fungi from Baltic amber

Three new fossils of saprotrophic fungi are presented and described from Baltic amber, dated to Eocene epoch (Paleogene, upper to mid-Eocene). All belong to Ascomycota and are represented by hyphae as well as asexual reproduction structures allowing to assign them to present genera, respectively Periconia, Penicillium and Scopulariopsis. These material provide both the first and the oldest known fossil record of the mentioned taxa, making these data valuable for the knowledge about the evolutionary history of the Ascomycota.     

Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of 16,17-modified gibberellin derivatives

Gibberellins (GAs) are a group of diterpenoid plant hormones that control plant growth and development at various stages. Biologically active GAs share the common structures of a 3β-hydroxy group, a carboxy group at C-6, and a γ-lactone between C-4 and C-10. Hydroxylation at C-2β is a major deactivation step in many plant species, and hydroxylation at C-13 has been shown to weaken the binding affinity of GAs to their receptor proteins. In rice, bioactive GA₄ has also been shown to be deactivated through 16α,17-epoxidation. Moreover, 16,17-dihydro-16α,17-dihydroxy GA₄ has been identified as an aglycon of its glucoside from rice. However, our knowledge on the biological activity of 16,17-epoxidized GAs is currently limited to 16,17-dihydro-16α,17-epoxy GA₄. Moreover, the bioactivity of 16,17-dihydro-16α,17-dihydroxy GA₄ remains unknown. Here, we synthesized 16,17-epoxidized or dihydroxylated GA derivatives and performed a structure–activity relationship study using rice seedlings. 16,17-Epoxidation of bioactive GA₁ and GA₄ reduced their activity to promote elongation of rice leaf sheaths. Moreover, 16,17-dihydroxylation significantly decreased the activities of 16,17-dihydro-16α,17-epoxy GAs. These results suggest that GAs are deactivated in a stepwise manner via 16,17-epoxidation and hydrolysis of these epoxy groups.     

Adenostemmoic acid B suppresses NO production by downregulating the expression and inhibiting the enzymatic activity of iNOS

Adenostemmoic acid B (AB) is a major compound found in Adenostemma lavenia; it shows anti-melanogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. By modifying the 19th position (carboxy: involved in the avoidance of cytotoxicity) of AB, we succeed to separate these activities. Short-chain alkylation of the carboxy group enhanced anti-melanogenic activity, while long-chain alkylation (hydrophobic) resulted in the suppression of nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression without anti-melanogenic activity. Re-modification of hydrophilic properties in these long-chain derivatives restored anti-melanogenic activity but did not suppress NO production. Unexpectedly, AB and derivatives with long chains linked by an anhydride bond were new iNOS inhibitors. These results suggest that AB modulates multiple physiological activities by regulating different targets, including iNOS.     

中国药用当归属植物研究进展及质量标志物的预测分析*

中国药用当归属植物资源丰富,包括当归、白芷、独活等34种药材,临床使用广且药用价值极高,富含香豆素类、多糖类、有机酸类、苯酚类、挥发油类等成分,除补血活血、调经止痛、润肠通便的传统功效,还具有抗氧化、抗衰老、保护神经元、抗肿瘤等药理作用,应用前景广阔。综述了中国药用当归属植物的分布及其药用功效、化学成分和药理作用的研究进展,为当归属植物的开发利用提供参考。并且根据质量标志物(Q-marker)概念,把影响中国药用当归属植物质量的因素概括为当归属药用植物品种、植物产区、化学成分、炮制方法,以及传统功效和网络药理学的预测分析等。从不同方面对中国药用当归属植物进行分析和论述,为建立和完善中国药用当归属植物的质量控制及评价方法提供参考。